Dental professionals are increasingly raising concerns about the oral health risks associated with marijuana use. According to Ellyce Clonan, a clinical assistant professor at the University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, many patients admit to using cannabis to alleviate anxiety before dental appointments. However, this practice may lead to significant oral health complications.
Research indicates that regular marijuana use can elevate the risk of dental issues. Patients who consume cannabis face a 55% greater risk of cavities and a 41% increased risk of tooth loss. Additionally, studies suggest a threefold increase in the risk of mouth cancers among habitual users, according to emerging research linking marijuana to adverse oral health outcomes.
In July 2023, a study analyzing hospital records in California revealed alarming statistics. Individuals with cannabis use disorder, defined by daily consumption that is difficult to discontinue, were more than three times more likely to develop cancers of the lip and tongue within five years. Raphael Cuomo, a biomedical scientist at the University of California, San Diego, noted, “Our analyses suggest that cannabis exposure itself impacts risk of oral cancer.”
The potential link between marijuana smoke and cancer is a growing area of concern. THC, the psychoactive compound in marijuana, may suppress immune responses in the mouth and nose, which could increase vulnerability to cancer. Cuomo emphasized that marijuana smoke contains harmful compounds, including ammonia, which is present in significantly higher concentrations than in tobacco smoke. This raises questions about the long-term effects of inhaling marijuana.
Clonan also pointed out that the act of smoking itself poses risks. “Breathing in a burning material of any kind is not good for the lungs and mouth,” she stated. Her research published in January highlighted the high risk of cavities and tooth loss among marijuana users. Despite the lack of extensive studies on edibles, there is concern about their impact on oral health.
The implications of marijuana use extend beyond oral health. Being under the influence of cannabis can complicate dental procedures. Research indicates that patients who consume marijuana regularly may require higher doses of anesthesia and experience increased pain and complications during recovery. Clonan noted that marijuana could also elevate heart rate and blood pressure, which is concerning when combined with local anesthetics like lidocaine that contain epinephrine.
Dr. Austin Le, an orthodontist in New York City and assistant research scientist at NYU Langone Health, expressed caution regarding the administration of anesthesia to patients who are not completely sober. He emphasized the potential for dangerous drug interactions and the unpredictability of the body’s response to anesthesia under such conditions.
Marijuana use also influences dietary habits, often leading to increased consumption of sugary snacks. “Cannabis users typically snack on carbohydrates, which are known to heighten the risk of cavities,” Le explained. The lethargy associated with marijuana can result in neglecting oral hygiene practices, further exacerbating dental problems.
Another concern is the dry mouth that accompanies marijuana use. Clonan explained that reduced saliva can hinder its natural protective functions, making it harder to wash away plaque and food particles, thereby increasing the likelihood of cavities.
Despite the growing body of evidence regarding the risks of marijuana use, many patients remain unaware of its effects on oral health. Clonan highlighted the need for dental professionals to address this issue proactively. She recommends that dentists include questions about marijuana use in their medical intake forms to ensure safe and effective care.
“We want patients to feel comfortable disclosing their cannabis use,” she stated. “This is about ensuring their safety and providing the best possible dental care.” Clonan encourages patients to adopt preventive measures, such as brushing twice a day, staying hydrated, and limiting sugar intake.
As awareness of the potential oral health risks associated with marijuana use grows, dental professionals are urged to educate their patients and adapt their practices accordingly. The conversation around cannabis and its implications for health is evolving, and it remains crucial for both patients and providers to stay informed.
