BREAKING: Neanderthals were innovative hunters of ibex on steep mountain slopes nearly 300,000 years ago, a groundbreaking discovery reveals. New research from the Velika Balanica cave in Serbia indicates that these early humans not only hunted but also processed their prey in sophisticated camps, displaying remarkable adaptability and skill.
Latest findings confirm that Neanderthals, previously known for hunting in flatter terrains of Western Europe, expanded their strategies to the rugged hills of Eastern Europe. This adaptation involved ambushing nimble ibex, showcasing their ability to exploit ecological niches that other hominins had not yet tapped into. According to lead researcher Stefan Milošević from the University of Belgrade, “The approach of hunting ibex is completely different, because it lives on a very rugged and steep, barren terrain.”
The research is critical for understanding Neanderthal behavior, as most knowledge about them derives from sites less than 150,000 years old. The discovery of Neanderthal remains in a layer dating back to approximately 290,000 years makes it the oldest evidence of Neanderthal life in Eastern Europe.
Since the 2017 finding, Milošević and his team have uncovered hundreds of stone tools and analyzed around 30,000 animal bone fragments in the cave. Surprisingly, about 75% of these fragments are less than 2 centimeters long, predominantly from ibex and red deer, indicating seasonal occupation and specialized hunting techniques. The research suggests that these Neanderthals were likely seasonal cave dwellers, with hunting activities peaking in spring and summer.
The study also reveals that early Neanderthals were not just opportunistic hunters. Evidence shows they engaged in selective hunting practices, primarily targeting older youngsters and adults of red deer to promote herd survival. In contrast, ibex were captured at all life stages, hinting at their nascent hunting skills and the challenges faced while adapting to hunting in steep terrains.
Additionally, signs of bone processing, such as heating bones to extract marrow, illustrate a sophisticated understanding of food resources. Milošević notes, “They most likely had a lot of unsuccessful attempts,” indicating the trial-and-error learning process of these early humans.
The findings also point to a structured organization within the cave. The hearth was centrally located, surrounded by zones for various tasks, including tool-making and butchering. This organized approach highlights Neanderthals as creative problem-solvers, as noted by José Carrión from the University of Murcia. “It’s a confirmation that Neanderthals were creative problem-solvers, managing complex habitats with ingenuity and skill,” he stated.
Marie-Hélène Moncel from France’s National Museum of Natural History emphasizes the importance of these discoveries for filling gaps in our understanding of Neanderthal culture and habitat. The findings challenge the narrative that Neanderthal sophistication emerged only later in history.
As researchers continue to explore the Velika Balanica cave, the implications of this study extend beyond academic interest. The evidence of Neanderthal ingenuity speaks to the resilience and adaptability of our ancient relatives, reflecting traits that have long been associated with modern humans.
The ongoing research will likely transform our understanding of Neanderthal life and their ecological strategies, providing a clearer picture of their role in the human story.
Stay tuned for further updates as new insights emerge from this significant archaeological site.
